4 years ago
6:00

aShemaleTube

Perverted big dick boyfriend fucked horny Asian shemales Fay tight asshole

Categories: amateur, asian, ass, big cock, blowjob, boyfriend, hd, perverted, pornstar, pov

Pornstars: Faye Reagan

27 days ago
10:21

WinPorn

Shemale gets ass fucked deep by BF cock

Categories: assfucking, barebacking, boyfriend, dick, toys

4 years ago
12:26

ShemaleZ

Fabriny Lima In Trans Shows Perky Tits & Massive Crotch To Bf

Categories: big ass, big cock, big tits, blonde, blowjob, boyfriend, perky, transsexual

15 days ago
10:00

AnalDin

Inked TS big bum Spic bareback screwed by black BF

Categories: ass, barebacking, big tits, black, boyfriend, latina, milf, tanned, tranny, transsexual

4 years ago
11:10

TrannyOne

Boyfriend fucks cute t-girl anal

Categories: adorable, amateur, anal, anus, ass, assfucking, bdsm, big cock, booty, boyfriend

16 days ago
12:00

aShemaleTube

Boyfriend Catches Tgirl Gaby Maiia Cheating Then Joins

Categories: anal, barebacking, boyfriend, cheating, hd, latina, tgirl

4 years ago
16:33

TrannyOne

Female Pegs her Boyfriend

Categories: amateur, bdsm, boyfriend, domination, homevideo, lingerie, pegging, stockings, underwear

18 days ago
16:09

aShemaleTube

TRANSFIXED - Boyfriend Treats Trans Girlfriend Pixi Lust To Anniversary Anal

Categories: anal, blowjob, boyfriend, doggystyle, english, girlfriend, hardcore, hd, lingerie, pov

4 years ago
15:58

TrannyOne

I love watching my boyfriend fuck a hot shemale

Categories: anal, anus, ass, big cock, blowjob, boyfriend, brazilian, couple, dick, hd

19 days ago
6:16

VivaTube

TS and BF using a ladyboy like a fucktoy

Categories: asian, boyfriend, hd, ladyboy, masturbation, teen (18+), toys, transsexual

4 years ago
0:40

TrannyOne

Grandma is an ass whore 4 hot sissy bf

Categories: anal, anus, ass, boyfriend, crossdressing, deep throat, dick, face fucking, gilf, grandma

20 days ago
23:13

aShemaleTube

skinny latina tattooed transgirl in white lingerie blows her boyfriend on webcam

Categories: amateur, anal, blowjob, boyfriend, femboy, homevideo, latina, lingerie, skinny, sucking

4 years ago
5:16

TrannyOne

Brunette and blonde shemales fuck their boyfriend big cock

Categories: ass, big cock, big tits, blonde, booty, boyfriend, brunette, dark hair, dick, doggystyle

21 days ago
5:39

ShemaleZ

Hot Shemale Bareback Her Boyfriend Tight Ass From Behind With Isa Laurens And Liu Gang

Categories: american, anal, ass, assfucking, barebacking, big tits, boyfriend, brunette, deep throat, from behind

4 years ago
15:05

TrannyOne

hot colombian shemale babe and her boyfriend have fun on cam

Categories: amateur, anal, anus, ass, babe, beauty, big tits, booty, boyfriend, colombian

23 days ago
10:19

aShemaleTube

Latina tranny loves sucking and fucking her new boyfriend

Categories: amateur, big tits, boyfriend, hd, latina, natural tits, sucking, tranny

4 years ago
14:31

TrannyOne

TRANS BELLA - MILF Tranny Renata Davila Has Flip Sex With BF

Categories: amateur, anal, anus, ass, big cock, big tits, blonde, blowjob, booty, boyfriend

4 years ago
6:15

aShemaleTube

Business tgirls fuck boyfriend in this erotic threesome

Categories: 3some, blowjob, boyfriend, business woman, cumshot, erotic, hd, lingerie, stockings, tgirl

26 days ago
9:33

XXXDan

Bella Masturbates Neighbors Straight Boyfriend

Categories: amateur, boyfriend, couple, handjob, hd, latina, masturbation, redhead, teen (18+)

4 years ago
6:15

aShemaleTube

Busty trans nurse babe in uniform blown then fucks bf

Categories: babe, big tits, boyfriend, hd, nurse, transsexual, uniform

27 days ago
5:39

ShemaleZ

Latina Shemale Dominates Her Boyfriend - Alex Victor And Mia Bahianinha

Categories: anal, ass, assfucking, black, blowjob, boots, boyfriend, brunette, dildo, ebony

4 years ago
12:10

TrannyOne

College 18yo shemale and boyfriend

Categories: 18 year old, amateur, anal, anus, ass, big cock, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, college

28 days ago
10:17

aShemaleTube

Dominant busty shemale dominates her bf

Categories: amateur, anal, big tits, boyfriend, domination, hd, homevideo

31 days ago
8:50

AnalDin

Big bootie Trans Latin MILFY barebacked and fisted by BF

Categories: anal, ass, barebacking, boyfriend, fisting, latina, milf, tattoo, tranny, transsexual

32 days ago
8:39

aShemaleTube

Sexy lingeried ts boning her bf all over the house

Categories: amateur, anal, boyfriend, hd, homevideo, lingerie, transsexual

5 years ago
10:36

KeekAss

WhiteGhetto Trans Dame Satisfies Bf

Categories: ball licking, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, brazilian, brunette, couple, ebony, interracial, kissing

33 days ago
7:38

aShemaleTube

Hot chocolate tranny and her bf fucking each other

Categories: amateur, anal, boyfriend, chocolate, homevideo, tranny

5 years ago
6:21

TrannyOne

Teen shemale and her boyfriend fuck each other balls deep

Categories: balls, boyfriend, hd, stockings, teen (18+), tranny

35 days ago
11:56

aShemaleTube

Tranny Roberta Cortes Makes a Bitch Out of Her Boyfriend

Categories: anal, barebacking, bitch, blowjob, boyfriend, cumshot, hardcore, hd, latina, tranny

5 years ago
7:40

TrannyOne

Stunning shemale mounts her boyfriend for balls deep bareback riding

Categories: amateur, balls, boyfriend, riding

38 days ago
10:01

VipTube

Bigtitted trans blondie assfucked by BF

Categories: assfucking, barebacking, big tits, blonde, boyfriend, ladyboy, transsexual

5 years ago
5:02

TrannyOne

Shemale with her bf cum on girls tits together

Categories: boyfriend, cum, dick, juicy, tgirl, tranny, transsexual, transvestite

40 days ago
13:46

ShemaleZ

Horny Tranny With Small Boobs And Big Cock Pounds Her Boyfriend Tight Ass After She Gets Hot Anal Sex

Categories: anal, ass, assfucking, big cock, blonde, boyfriend, classic, small tits, tight, tranny

5 years ago
10:50

aShemaleTube

Hot Romanian TS Babe Teasing with her BF

Categories: babe, big tits, blonde, boyfriend, hd, romanian, tease, transsexual, webcam

41 days ago
10:11

ShemaleZ

Perfect Trans Gets Her Ass Fucked By Her Friends Bf - Gracie Jane

Categories: anal, assfucking, big ass, big tits, blonde, booty, booty shake, boyfriend, friend, hd

44 days ago
36:14

aShemaleTube

Caring TS VICTORIA Shares BF With Bestie

Categories: 3some, anal, big cock, big tits, boyfriend, brunette, fetish, gay, hardcore, hd

6 years ago
5:33

ShemaleZ

Classy ladyboy banging her sissified bf

Categories: asian, banging, big tits, boyfriend, ladyboy, stylish

45 days ago
10:11

aShemaleTube

My friend's boyfriend wanted to see me eat his delicious little pussy.

Categories: amateur, anal, ass, big cock, blonde, blowjob, boyfriend, brazilian, cowgirl, doggystyle

6 years ago
5:30

KeekAss

Mexican TRANSSEXUAL Bruna likes gonzo ass-fuck with her Yankee bf

Categories: american, anal, asian, assfucking, boyfriend, brazilian, brunette, cumshot, hd, japanese

47 days ago
9:26

aShemaleTube

Ebony shemale destroys her submissive bf

Categories: amateur, anal, black, boyfriend, ebony, hardcore, hd, homevideo, interracial, submissive

8 years ago
6:10

TrannyOne

Japanese TS in swimsuit receives a blowjob from her boyfriend

Categories: blowjob, boyfriend, japanese, swimsuit, transsexual

49 days ago
6:15

aShemaleTube

Big tits curvy Asian ladyboy strokes fat cock while riding BWC BF

Categories: anal, asian, barebacking, big cock, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, curvy, dick, fat

9 years ago
10:01

TrannyOne

Raunchy Brazilian tranny and her boyfriend have dick riding session

Categories: anal, big cock, blowjob, boyfriend, brazilian, creampie, cumshot, dick, juicy, raunchy

52 days ago
6:15

FetishPapa

Perverted boyfriend wants to watch his shemale girlfriend with another guy

Categories: boyfriend, girlfriend, hd, perverted, tranny

55 days ago
10:00

NuVid

Bigbooty Tranny got doggystyled by BF

Categories: barebacking, big ass, big tits, boyfriend, doggystyle, handjob, hd, latina, tranny

9 years ago
6:13

TrannyOne

Awesome black shemale and her boyfriend fuck hard in bed

Categories: bed sex, black, boyfriend, dick, hardcore, juicy, tgirl, tranny, transsexual, transvestite

56 days ago
6:15

TnaFlix

Leah moans in delight as her BF Sage pounded her in many ways

Categories: blonde, boyfriend, masturbation, moaning, tranny, transsexual

6 years ago
6:52

aShemaleTube

Chunky Latina Pounding And Fingering Her Bf s Ass 10578

Categories: amateur, ass, boyfriend, chunky, fingering, latina, tranny, transsexual

57 days ago
20:58

KeekAss

MY MATE WANTS ME TO SMASH HER WHILE HER BF TESTS OUT HIS FRESH PLAYTHING - TINA PRINCESS NOA

Categories: 3some, big cock, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, brunette, cowgirl, deep throat, dick, doggystyle

2 months ago
12:37

KeekAss

SATANS TGIRLS - Steamy Trans Jessy Bells Prizes Her Bf By Letting Him Pummeling Her Cock-squeezing Arse

Categories: anal, ass, assfucking, blowjob, boyfriend, condom, deep throat, dick, doggystyle, hardcore

9 years ago
10:25

TrannyOne

Handsome latina shemale and her boyfriend fuck hard on webcam

Categories: ass, babe, beauty, blowjob, boyfriend, couple, hardcore, huge cock, jerking, ladyboy

2 months ago
8:13

aShemaleTube

Shemale Mia Rivers strokes and sucks with her boyfriend

Categories: big cock, boyfriend, hd, ladyboy, sucking

7 years ago
21:35

aShemaleTube

Fucked by bf

Categories: amateur, big cock, boyfriend, latina, pornstar

Pornstars: Sara Lopez

2 months ago
6:16

VivaTube

Ladyboy teen has special present for BF

Categories: asian, big cock, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, handjob, hd, ladyboy, teen (18+)

2 months ago
7:00

PornGem

Busty smallcock TS babe with coloredhair barebacked by BF

Categories: anal, assfucking, babe, barebacking, big tits, boyfriend, small cock, tranny, transsexual

2 months ago
6:15

PornGem

Busty TS bigboobs babe with inked body bareback rides BF

Categories: anal, assfucking, babe, barebacking, big tits, boyfriend, handjob, tattoo, tranny, transsexual

2 months ago
6:25

VideoSection

Slender Chinese shemale takes a big dick and rides her boyfriend without a condom

Categories: anal, big cock, blowjob, boyfriend, chinese, condom, ladyboy, lingerie, pov

2 months ago
8:06

ShemaleZ

Reunites With College Bestie And Her Horny Bf! - Jessy Bells And Daizy Cooper

Categories: 3some, anal, assfucking, black, boyfriend, brunette, college, deep throat, ebony, hd

2 months ago
8:01

PornGem

TS Foxxy assfucks her bf in the morning

Categories: 69, anal, assfucking, asslick, big cock, big tits, boyfriend, deep throat, hd, latina

2 months ago
2:17

aShemaleTube

Desi HijaBee CD Angel FaRee Banged Like a Bitch by Secret BF R@@Z~21st_02!!

Categories: amateur, anal, bangladeshi, bitch, blowjob, boyfriend, crossdressing, desi, hd, hijab

2 months ago
6:16

VipTube

Slender blonde Asian ladyboy rode BWC BF

Categories: asian, barebacking, big cock, blonde, blowjob, boyfriend, hd, ladyboy, lingerie

2 months ago
6:15

XoZilla

Giant tits Asian shemale rim and rides BF

Categories: anal, asian, ass, assfucking, big tits, boyfriend, gorgeous, hardcore, juicy, oral

2 months ago
8:14

aShemaleTube

Big ass sweaty black shemale stomped by her bf

Categories: amateur, anal, big ass, black, boyfriend, ebony, hd, homevideo, tranny

2 months ago
10:11

KeekAss

Glorious She-creature Strokes Rod Online (Sissy Faggot, sweetlaurasaenz)

Categories: big ass, boyfriend, girlfriend, handjob, jerking, masturbation, nylon, park, posing, public

3 months ago
9:07

aShemaleTube

Stunning curly shemale punishes her bf

Categories: amateur, anal, big ass, boyfriend, curly haired, hardcore, homevideo, lingerie, punishment, tranny

1 year ago
6:15

TnaFlix

GENDERX - My sweet inked TS lover got bareback fucked by her BF

Categories: babe, barebacking, big tits, boyfriend, hd, tattoo, transsexual

8 years ago
6:10

EmpFlix

Pretty shemale Foxxy is all by herself She call her hunk boyfriend to have sexy time The guy arrives then she devours his dick giving him a blowjob

Categories: blowjob, boyfriend, dick, hunk, pretty, transsexual

3 months ago
6:16

NuVid

Big tits curvy Asian trans seduce BWC BF

Categories: asian, barebacking, big cock, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, curvy, hd, ladyboy, pov

4 years ago
6:05

EmpFlix

Aubrey Kate is a gorgeous transsexual girl who gets horny after having a quarrel with her boyfriend Pierce Paris and enjoys getting fucked hard by Pie

Categories: boyfriend, gorgeous, hardcore, pornstar, transsexual

Pornstars: Aubrey Kate

5 years ago
5:08

TnaFlix

Shemale fucks bff and her bf

Categories: best friend, boyfriend, hd, transsexual

3 months ago
12:32

aShemaleTube

Eva Maxim's boyfriend tells his parents the truth and then fucks her.

Categories: anal, big cock, big tits, boyfriend, hd, latina, rimjob

3 months ago
10:01

aShemaleTube

Visiting my boyfriend and lets him fuck my ass

Categories: anal, ass, barebacking, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, brunette, handjob, hd, ladyboy

3 months ago
10:40

KeekAss

I CAUGHT MY step SIS-IN-LAW TAKING A BATHTUB, I PUT MY MAN MEAT IN HER WITH MY BF OBSERVING

Categories: amateur, anal, ass, babe, bathroom, big black cock, big cock, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend

3 months ago
9:27

aShemaleTube

Slender tattooed shemale barebacks her sissy bf

Categories: amateur, anal, barebacking, boyfriend, hardcore, hd, homevideo, sissy, tattoo, tranny

3 months ago
8:33

aShemaleTube

Busty shemale with high heels has a 69 session with her boyfriend

Categories: 69, anal, big ass, big cock, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, cumshot, hd, high heels

3 months ago
6:16

FetishPapa

As a trans woman I can give your boyfriend a big hard cock

Categories: asslick, big tits, boyfriend, deep throat, dick, hairy, hd, lingerie, masturbation, tranny

3 months ago
6:34

aShemaleTube

Shemale milf hottie fucking her bf

Categories: amateur, anal, boyfriend, hardcore, hd, homevideo, milf, tranny

3 months ago
13:59

ShemaleMovie

For my friend's birthday, we have some fun with her boyfriend in a trans threeway

Categories: 3some, amateur, birthday, blowjob, boyfriend, friend, funny, massage, nude, spanish

3 months ago
10:51

aShemaleTube

Hot boyfriend eagerly sucks and licks trans woman's big dick

Categories: 69, big cock, blowjob, boyfriend, deep throat, dick, erotic, handjob, hd, licking

3 months ago
7:25

aShemaleTube

Red lingeried ts hot anal slapping sounds her bf

Categories: amateur, anal, boyfriend, erotic, hd, homevideo, lingerie, transsexual

3 months ago
6:16

IcePorn

Busty Asian trans barebacks and rides BF

Categories: asian, barebacking, big ass, big cock, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, hd, ladyboy, lingerie

3 months ago
6:15

KeekAss

Humungous butt puny Latina t-girl blows and rails thick pink cigar BOYFRIEND outdoors

Categories: anal, ass, boyfriend, cigarette, hd, latina, outdoor, tgirl, thick, tranny

4 months ago
13:46

aShemaleTube

As a birthday present for my friend we fuck her boyfriend, trans sex, trans threesome

Categories: 3some, amateur, birthday, blowjob, boyfriend, colombian, friend, hd, homevideo, massage

4 months ago
8:54

aShemaleTube

Very hot tranny and her asian bf take turns fucking each other

Categories: amateur, anal, asian, boyfriend, hd, homevideo, tranny

4 months ago
8:10

aShemaleTube

Domina shemale cock slaps and fucks her bf

Categories: amateur, anal, boyfriend, dick, domination, dominatrix, hd, homevideo

4 months ago
10:01

VipTube

Lingerie TS babe cockbouncing on BBC BF

Categories: babe, barebacking, big black cock, big tits, boyfriend, dick, hd, latina, lingerie, transsexual

4 months ago
10:01

VipTube

Bigbooty latina Trans barebacked by BF

Categories: amateur, barebacking, boyfriend, hd, latina, transsexual

4 months ago
8:45

aShemaleTube

Ebony shemale fucking her sissy bf in the kitchen

Categories: amateur, anal, boyfriend, domination, ebony, hd, homevideo, interracial, kitchen, sissy

4 months ago
7:04

aShemaleTube

Lingeried White TGirl Fucks her Black BF

Categories: amateur, anal, barebacking, black, boyfriend, brunette, hd, homevideo, interracial, lingerie

4 months ago
10:00

PornGem

TS Latin babe in sexy lingerie barebacked by BF till cumshot

Categories: anal, assfucking, babe, barebacking, big tits, boyfriend, cumshot, handjob, latina, lingerie

4 months ago
12:18

KeekAss

BOYFRIEND porks my trans-femboy rump into oblivion with his immense dick - prettyboi2000x

Categories: anal, big ass, big cock, blowjob, boyfriend, creampie, cumshot, dick, facial, femboy

4 months ago
8:06

ShemaleZ

Paloma Veiga - Trans Beauty Is Getting Screwed On The Couch By Her Bf

Categories: anal, assfucking, beauty, boyfriend, brunette, couch, hd, high heels, transsexual

4 months ago
5:01

aShemaleTube

Busty tranny Daisy Taylor cheats on bf and gets anal re

Categories: anal, big tits, boyfriend, hardcore, tranny

4 months ago
5:01

aShemaleTube

Busty tranny Chanel Santini barebacks her bf one last t

Categories: barebacking, big tits, boyfriend, hardcore, tranny

4 months ago
6:11

aShemaleTube

trans cam girl machine fuck and pov fucked by bf

Categories: amateur, anal, barebacking, blonde, boyfriend, creampie, cumshot, hd, homevideo, lingerie

Pornstars: Envy Mi

5 months ago
7:59

VideoSection

Dusky queen Renata Denaro uses her fuckslut boyfriend to the max

Categories: anal, blowjob, boyfriend, cumshot, hardcore, queen

5 months ago
8:10

aShemaleTube

Tanned tranny and her bf exchange painal pleasure

Categories: amateur, anal, boyfriend, hardcore, hd, homevideo, ladyboy, tanned, tranny

5 months ago
6:15

XoZilla

Big-titted blond Spic tranny barebacks BF

Categories: anal, ass, babe, barebacking, big tits, blonde, boyfriend, brazilian, hardcore, latina

5 months ago
6:15

XXXDan

Bigtitted sexy TS cockbouncing on BF

Categories: anal, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, deep throat, dick, fetish, gay, handjob, lingerie

5 months ago
24:34

ShemaleZ

Cute Black Tgirl With Bubble Butt Fucked By Her Boyfriend

Categories: amateur, anal, ass, assfucking, big ass, black, booty, booty shake, boyfriend, brunette

11 months ago
6:15

ShemaleZ

Horny Bf Rails Busty Latina Shemale With A

Categories: anal, assfucking, big ass, big tits, blonde, booty, booty shake, boyfriend, deep throat, hd

3 years ago
9:51

ShemaleZ

Angry Ts Caught Her Horny Boyfriend Fucking Her

Categories: 3some, angry, big ass, big tits, boyfriend, caught, hd, outdoor, redhead, transsexual

8 years ago
23:17

ShemaleZ

Slender Crossdresser Fucked By Boyfriend

Categories: boyfriend, crossdressing, uniform

7 years ago
10:04

HClips

Long cock gets sucked by boyfriend

Categories: amateur, blowjob, boyfriend, dick, small tits, sucking, teen (18+), webcam

7 years ago
44:27

Vjav

SWIMSUIT GIRL ENJOYING DIFFERENT OF INSTRUCTION SEX WITH BOYFRIEND

Categories: asian, boyfriend, college, creampie, dildo, friend, hd, japanese, masturbation, squirt

5 months ago
6:16

DrTuber

Big ass busty Latina trans deepthroat BF

Categories: barebacking, big ass, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, deep throat, hd, latina, transsexual

5 months ago
6:06

XoZilla

TS Girl Sofia Sanders Fancies An Interracial Butt sex Affai

Categories: anal, ass, barebacking, big tits, black, blowjob, boyfriend, brunette, gorgeous, hardcore

6 months ago
6:15

aShemaleTube

Curvy big boobs Asian ladyboy rides a huge dildo and her BWC BF

Categories: anal, asian, barebacking, big cock, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, curvy, hd, huge dildo

4 years ago
10:00

Txxx

Bigass trans goddess sucking bf after showing off butt

Categories: ass, big ass, big tits, blowjob, boyfriend, goddess, latina, sucking, transsexual

6 months ago
12:09

HDSex

Trans guy Goodboiiftm sucks off his boyfriend before riding him to an intense orgasm and finishes inside

Categories: amateur, barebacking, blowjob, boyfriend, brutal, couple, creampie, cum, dick, hardcore

6 months ago
9:42

aShemaleTube

Stunning tanned shemale and her bf fucking each other

Categories: amateur, anal, assfucking, boyfriend, hd, homevideo, lingerie, tanned

6 months ago
10:00

JizzBunker

Classy bigass trans analsmashed by BF

Categories: amateur, big ass, boyfriend, brazilian, chubby, erotic, fetish, interracial, latina, lingerie

7 months ago
6:15

XoZilla

Well-rounded Spic shemale blows and rides BF

Categories: anal, booty, boyfriend, buttplug, hardcore, latina, lingerie, obese, spreading, toys

7 months ago
10:13

VideoSection

Asian trans star Mia Maffia gets a blowjob and gives a big facial to her boyfriend

Categories: asian, babe, blonde, blowjob, boyfriend, cum, cum in mouth, deep throat, facial, homevideo

Pornstars: Mia Star

7 months ago
4:38

aShemaleTube

How I've made my boyfriend into a anal slut

Categories: amateur, anal, barebacking, big ass, big cock, boyfriend, cage, creampie, domination, hd

7 months ago
8:04

aShemaleTube

Latina tranny Marcella gives herself a treat and her boyfriend gets a creampie in her ass

Categories: anal, ass, barebacking, big tits, boyfriend, creampie, huge tits, ladyboy, latina, spanish

7 months ago
7:23

aShemaleTube

Stunning Chocolate SheBabe Having Sex With her Lucky BF

Categories: amateur, anal, babe, barebacking, beauty, boyfriend, chocolate, ebony, hd, homevideo

7 months ago
4:34

aShemaleTube

Boyfriend Training 2

Categories: boyfriend, cartoon

8 months ago
0:42

aShemaleTube

Asian sissy anal with boyfriend

Categories: amateur, anal, asian, big cock, boyfriend, creampie, crossdressing, cumshot, femboy, hd

8 months ago
6:15

XoZilla

Giant prick curves Spic tranny rides BF

Categories: anal, ass, boyfriend, curvy, hardcore, huge cock, knockers, latina, plumper, spreading